At the phylum level, the proportion of mucosa-associated Spirochaetes was increased ( P < 0.05), while Proteobacteria was deceased by feeding high amylose ratios ( P < 0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were decreased ( P < 0.05) in cecal tissue while IL-10 was increased ( P < 0.05) in the T2 group when compared with T1 or T3 groups. Results showed that cecal valerate concentration was higher ( P < 0.05) in the T2 group than those in the T1 and T3 groups. The goats were randomly allocated to one of the three diets containing starch with 0% amylose corn (T1), 50% high amylose corn (T2), and 100% high amylose corn (T3) for 35 days. Twenty-seven Xiangdong black female goats with average body weights (9.00 ± 1.12 kg) were used in this study. The present study used a combination of 16S amplicon sequencing technology and metabolomics technique to reveal the effects of increasing ratios of amylose/amylopectin on cecal mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota and their metabolites in young goats. This leads to the alteration of microbiota and metabolite of the hindgut, where the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. Increasing the ratio of amylose in the diet can increase the quantity of starch that flows to the large intestine for microbial fermentation. 4Herbivore Nutrition Department, Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China.3College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.1CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.Abul Kalam Azad 1, Jianhua He 3, Weimin Jiang 4, Wu Song 4, Zhixiong He 1,2 * and Zhiliang Tan 1,2 Kefyalew Gebeyew 1,2, Kai Chen 1,3, Teketay Wassie 1, Md.
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